A SPINOZA PROFESSOR UNDERGOES AN EXISTENTIAL CRISIS IN ‘THE BASICS OF PHILOSOPHY’
At the Venice Film Festival, Paul Schrader Wrestles with Free Will and Determinism
2026 | DIRECTED BY PAUL SCHRADER
Can we, as human beings, change course, in our lives, in our hearts? Or is our fate sealed from birth, or even before that? For American filmmaker Paul Schrader, who was raised Dutch Calvinist, this is one of life’s animating questions. Some theologians, including the ascetic monk Pelagius, affirm the will’s freedom to choose salvation. Others, like John Calvin himself, preach the doctrine of double predestination: That God consigns some to heaven and others to hell.
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